Guide to Saigon’s Culture and History: Key Facts and Places

Saigon’s history dates back over 300 years, beginning as a small Khmer fishing village known as Prey Nokor before Vietnamese settlers arrived in the 17th century.

The city officially became Saigon in the 18th century under the Nguyen Lords and later developed into a major trading hub during French colonial rule (1859-1954). This period introduced European architecture, Catholicism, and Western education.

After the French departure, Saigon was the capital of South Vietnam until 1975. The city was renamed Ho Chi Minh City after reunification, but locals still commonly use 'Saigon' in daily life.

This mix of historical eras shapes the city's cultural identity, reflected in its food, religious practices, and urban landscape.

Several key locations highlight Saigon culture and history:

1. War Remnants Museum
Address: 28 Vo Van Tan, District 3
Hours: 7:30 AM – 6:00 PM, daily
Entrance fee: 40,000 VND (~$1.70 USD)
This museum presents photographs, military equipment, and exhibits related to the Vietnam War (called the American War in Vietnam). It provides sobering insights into the conflict's impact.

2. Reunification Palace
Address: 135 Nam Ky Khoi Nghia, District 1
Hours: 7:30 AM – 11:00 AM and 1:00 PM – 4:00 PM, daily
Entrance fee: 40,000 VND (~$1.70 USD)
The former presidential palace where the Vietnam War ended in 1975. Visitors can tour the preserved rooms, war command bunkers, and vintage vehicles.

3. Notre-Dame Cathedral Basilica of Saigon
Address: 01 Cong Xa Paris, District 1
Hours: Open daily, mass times vary
A French colonial-era cathedral built between 1863 and 1880, known for its neo-Romanesque architecture and red brick facade.

4. Ben Thanh Market
Address: Le Loi, District 1
Hours: 6:00 AM – 6:00 PM
A busy market offering local foods, handicrafts, and textiles. It reflects Saigon’s commercial culture since the 19th century.

These sites are easily accessible by taxi or motorbike and provide a comprehensive view of Saigon’s past and present.

Saigon’s architecture is a visual record of its complex history.

The French colonial period left a strong imprint with buildings such as the Central Post Office, City Hall (Ho Chi Minh City People’s Committee), and the Opera House. These structures feature French Renaissance and neoclassical styles with ornate facades and large arched windows.

Traditional Vietnamese architecture is evident in pagodas like the Jade Emperor Pagoda (Chua Ngoc Hoang), which includes intricate wood carvings and statues.

Modern skyscrapers such as the Bitexco Financial Tower symbolize the city’s rapid economic growth. Yet, many older neighborhoods retain narrow streets and traditional shophouses, which combine residential and commercial uses.

Walking tours focusing on architecture can be found in District 1 and District 3, where the blend of styles is most visible.

Saigon’s culture is influenced by Confucian, Buddhist, and Catholic traditions.

Religious festivals such as Tet Nguyen Dan (Vietnamese Lunar New Year) are widely celebrated with family reunions, lion dances, and offerings at temples.

Cuisine is an essential cultural element: dishes like pho (noodle soup), banh mi (French-style sandwich), and fresh spring rolls reflect both local ingredients and colonial influences.

Street markets and coffee shops are social hubs where locals meet and discuss daily life. The city’s coffee culture includes strong drip coffee served with condensed milk, best enjoyed in cafes around District 1.

Respect for elders and ancestors is a core value, with many families maintaining ancestral altars at home.

For those interested in Saigon culture and history, here are several practical tips:

Transportation: Motorbikes are the most common mode of transport, but taxis and ride-hailing apps like Grab are convenient and affordable. Expect traffic congestion in the central districts.

Currency: The local currency is the Vietnamese Dong (VND). Most places accept cash; ATMs are widely available. Small vendors often do not take cards.

Language: Vietnamese is the official language, but English is commonly spoken in tourist areas.

Dress Code: Dress modestly when visiting religious sites. Remove shoes before entering temples.

Safety: Saigon is generally safe, but watch out for petty theft in crowded areas.

Opening Hours: Many museums and landmarks close around 4 PM or 5 PM, so plan accordingly.

For more detailed travel advice, check out our first-time visitor tips and local food guide.